How are ground signals used during limited radio communication?

• A. They replace all radio communications permanently.
• B. Ground signals are used to convey taxi instructions non-verbally when needed.
• C. They are used only by pilots.
• D. They are decorative.

Answer: (B)

Ground signals are used to convey taxi instructions non-verbally when radio communication is limited. A trained ground marshal uses standardized hand signals and illuminated wands to direct pilots and ground vehicles along taxiways, through intersections, and onto runways or parking areas. This backup method keeps operations moving safely when radio channels are poor or congested, without relying on verbal instructions alone. They are provided by ground personnel, not decorative, and radios still remain the primary method when available; signals supplement or replace verbal instructions only when needed.